Pyroclastic flow simulations
Nevado de Toluca, Mexico, 2008
Figure 9 in: Capra, L., Norini, G., Groppelli, G., Macías, J.L., & Arce, J.L. (2008). Volcanic hazard zonation of the Nevado de Toluca volcano, México. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(4), p. 469-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.016
This hazard map is the result of scientific research and was published in academic literature.
It is presented here to serve as an example of the map type or the map-making methodology. It is NOT the official, operational map. For the current operational hazard map, please consult the proper institutional authorities.
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Map Set
Capra, L., Norini, G., Groppelli, G., Macías, J.L., & Arce, J.L. (2008). Volcanic hazard zonation of the Nevado de Toluca volcano, México. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(4), p. 469-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.016
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.016
Other Maps In Set:
- Volcanic hazard map of NdT volcano displaying the areas of pyroclastic flows, fall, debris avalanches and lahars
- Image showing computer simulations for debris avalanches
- Volcanic hazard zonation for lahars at NdT volcano
- Fallout simulation obtained with HAZMAP computer routine with same input parameters (Table 3), but with two different wind profiles
Map Data
Map ID 1295 Hazard Process(es) Ash-cloud surges; PDCs Hazard Zone Presentation Single hazard: A single hazard process is represented on a series of small map panels of similar sizes Temporal Scale Background, or long-term, map Spatial Scale Volcano and surrounding area Publication Format Figure in a journal article Zonation Method(s) Scenario modeling Zonation Model(s) Energy cone or line (Heim 1932; Sheridan 1979; Sheridan & Malin 1983); TITAN2D (Pitman et al. 2003; Patra et al. 2005) Scenario(s) Considered Size, VEI, or intensity; Specific past eruption Hazard Zone Label(s) Estimated value or Hazard Impact Metric; Scenario name Probability Definition(s) No probability definition was discernable from the map Purpose Scientific interest: Intended for scientific research and general scientific interest; usually published in academic journals Audience Scientists (usually in scientific publication) Language(s) English Basemap(s) Hillshade Basemap overlay(s) Digital Elevation Model (DEM); Street map Diemsionality Planimetric (2D or map) view Color Scheme Red to Green