Evacuation times to reach the safe zone based on walking speed of 3.3 km h^−1

Etna, Italy, 2019

Figure 4 in: Osman, S., Rossi, E., Bonadonna, C., Frischknecht, C., Andronico, D., Cioni, R., & Scollo, S. (2019). Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19(3), 589-610. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-589-2019

This hazard map is the result of scientific research and was published in academic literature. It is presented here to serve as an example of the map type or the map-making methodology. It is NOT the official, operational map. For the current operational hazard map, please consult the proper institutional authorities.

Click on image for full-size map. If link seems broken, try the archived version.

Map Set

Osman, S., Rossi, E., Bonadonna, C., Frischknecht, C., Andronico, D., Cioni, R., & Scollo, S. (2019). Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19(3), 589-610. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-589-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-589-2019

Other Maps In Set:

Map Data

Map ID	4057
Hazard Process(es)	Tephra fall
Hazard Zone Presentation	Single hazard: A single hazard process is represented on a series of small map panels of similar sizes
Temporal Scale	Background, or long-term, map
Spatial Scale	Volcano and surrounding area
Publication Format	Figure in a journal article
Zonation Method(s)	Probabilistic modeling
Zonation Model(s)	Unnamed tephra sedimentation model [Rossi et al. 2019] (Rossi et al. 2019)
Scenario(s) Considered	Season or weather; Size, VEI, or intensity; Specific past eruption
Hazard Zone Label(s)	Access (exclusion, danger, or safe zones)
Probability Definition(s)	Numeric probability
Purpose	Crisis management and response: Intended to be used for managing, responding to, and taking action during an eruption; often includes evacuation routes, access restrictions, actions to take, etc.
Audience	Scientists (usually in scientific publication)
Language(s)	English
Basemap(s)	Hillshade
Basemap overlay(s)	Infrastructure map; Street map
Diemsionality	Planimetric (2D or map) view
Color Scheme	Purple to Yellow
Volcanic Alert Level System

Go to Global Volcanism Program page for Etna →